Introduction: In the Part 2 task of the IELTS speaking test, students describe a transport problem in their town or city. In Part 3, they are asked to discuss further transport-related issues, which can be more abstract and general. In this section, we will explore some typical Part 3 questions and discuss how students can use opening expressions to give themselves time to think and show awareness of the complexity of the issue.

Explanation of opening expressions with examples:

1. "It's hard to say...": This expression can be used when the answer is not clear-cut or when there are several factors to consider. For example, "It's hard to say whether everyone has the right to their own private transport because it depends on the situation. In some cases, it may be necessary, but in others, it may be better to use public transport."
2. "On the one hand...but on the other hand...": This expression is used to show that there are two or more sides to an issue. For example, "On the one hand, everyone having their own car could lead to more traffic and pollution. But on the other hand, it could also provide more convenience and flexibility."
3. "Well, conditions vary...": This expression can be used when there are different factors that affect the issue. For example, "Well, conditions vary when it comes to the effects of private cars. In some areas, it may not be a problem, but in others, it could lead to congestion and pollution."
4. "Obviously, I'm no expert, but...": This expression can be used to show that the speaker is aware that they are not an authority on the issue. For example, "Obviously, I'm no expert, but I think the government should take measures to restrict the use of private cars in certain areas to reduce congestion and pollution."
5. "Every case is different...": This expression can be used to emphasize that there are unique factors that affect the issue. For example, "Every case is different when it comes to developing transport systems. What works in one area may not work in another."
6. "I'm not sure there's an easy answer (to that)": This expression can be used when the issue is complex and does not have a straightforward solution. For example, "I'm not sure there's an easy answer to how the government should restrict the use of private cars. It may require a combination of policies and initiatives."

Use of opening expressions to complete responses to question 1:

1. "It's a confusing situation: advertisers persuade everybody to buy their own car, we're told that private transport is bad. In the short term, having private transport may seem convenient and necessary for some people, but in the long term, it could lead to more traffic and pollution. It all depends on the situation."
2. "I think everybody does have the right to private vehicles like bicycles and cars, but there are a lot more problems to consider. On the one hand, having your own car provides more flexibility and convenience, but on the other hand, it could lead to more traffic and pollution. Obviously, I'm no expert, but I think the government should take measures to encourage the use of public transport."
3. "I think everybody should be able to have their own transport, but that situation can't be sustained. In the case of developing countries, having your own transport may be necessary for economic development, but in the case of developed countries, it could lead to more problems like congestion and pollution. Every case is different, and the government should take measures to promote sustainable transport systems."